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Cometary records revise Eastern Mediterranean chronology around 1240 CE
Koji Murata, Kohei Ichikawa, Yuri I. Fujii +4
Eirene Laskarina, empress of John III Batatzes of the exiled Byzantine Empire of Nicaea (1204--1261 CE), was an important Eastern Mediterranean figure in the first half of the thir…
Extreme Space Weather Events Recorded in History
Hisashi Hayakawa, Yusuke Ebihara
This section shows an overview of a recent development of the studies on great space weather events in history. Its discussion starts from the Carrington event and compare its inte…
Provenance of the Cross Sign of 806 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A possible Lunar Halo over Continental Europe?
Yuta Uchikawa, Les Cowley, Hisashi Hayakawa +2
While graphical records of astronomical/meteorological events before telescopic observations are of particular interest, they have frequently undergone multiple copying and may hav…
Sunspot Drawings by Japanese Official Astronomers in 1749-1750
Hisashi Hayakawa, Kiyomi Iwahashi, Masashi Fujiyama +7
Sunspot observations with telescopes in 18th century were carried out in Japan as well. One of these sunspot observations is recorded in an account called Sansaizusetsu narabini Ka…
Records of sunspot and aurora activity during 581-959 CE in Chinese official histories in the periods of Suí, Táng, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Harufumi Tamazawa, Akito Davis Kawamura, Hisashi Hayakawa +3
Recent studies of radioisotopes in tree rings or ice cores suggest that extreme space weather events occurred in the pre-telescope age. Observational records of naked-eye sunspots…
The earliest drawings of datable auroras and a two-tail comet from the Syriac Chronicle of Zūqnīn
Hisashi Hayakawa, Yasuyuki Mitsuma, Yasunori Fujiwara +7
People have probably been watching the sky since the beginning of human history. Observers in pre-telescopic ages recorded anomalous events and these astronomical records in the hi…