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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Knowing the Facts but Choosing the Shortcut: Understanding How Large Language Models Compare Entities

Hans Hergen Lehmann, Jae Hee Lee, Steven Schockaert +1

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for knowledge-based reasoning tasks, yet understanding when they rely on genuine knowledge versus superficial heuristics remains…

cs.CL2025

Extracting Conceptual Spaces from LLMs Using Prototype Embeddings

Nitesh Kumar, Usashi Chatterjee, Steven Schockaert

Conceptual spaces represent entities and concepts using cognitively meaningful dimensions, typically referring to perceptual features. Such representations are widely used in cogni…

cs.CL2025

Ragas: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation

Shahul Es, Jithin James, Luis Espinosa-Anke +1

We introduce Ragas (Retrieval Augmented Generation Assessment), a framework for reference-free evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines. RAG systems are compose…

cs.CL2024

Entity or Relation Embeddings? An Analysis of Encoding Strategies for Relation Extraction

Frank Mtumbuka, Steven Schockaert

Relation extraction is essentially a text classification problem, which can be tackled by fine-tuning a pre-trained language model (LM). However, a key challenge arises from the fa…

cs.CL2024

Ranking Entities along Conceptual Space Dimensions with LLMs: An Analysis of Fine-Tuning Strategies

Nitesh Kumar, Usashi Chatterjee, Steven Schockaert

Conceptual spaces represent entities in terms of their primitive semantic features. Such representations are highly valuable but they are notoriously difficult to learn, especially…