409 citations · 9.6k across the 232 of their papers we have counts for
4 papers · 2 filters
Cosmic Ray Protons and Magnetic Fields in Clusters of Galaxies and their Cosmological Consequences
T. A. Ensslin, P. L. Biermann, P. P. Kronberg +1
The masses of clusters of galaxies estimated by gravitational lensing exceed in many cases the mass estimates based on hydrostatic equilibrium. This may suggest the existence of no…
Cosmic Ray Interactions and the Abundances of the Chemical Elements
Peter L. Biermann
Our Galaxy is the largest nuclear interaction experiment which we know, because of the interaction between cosmic ray particles and the interstellar material. Cosmic rays are parti…
Contributions to the Cosmic Ray Flux above the Ankle: Clusters of Galaxies
Hyesung Kang, Jörg P. Rachen, Peter L. Biermann
Motivated by the suggestion of Kang, Ryu \& Jones (1996) that particles can be accelerated to high energies via diffusive shock acceleration process at the accretion shocks formed…
A new estimate of the extragalactic radio background and implications for ultra-high-energy gamma-ray propagation
R. J. Protheroe, P. L. Biermann
We make a new estimate of the extragalactic radio background down to kHz frequencies based on the observed luminosity functions and radio spectra of normal galaxies and radio galax…