Mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) system as a multi-leader-multi-follower game: A single-level variational inequality (VI) formulation

Rui Yao, Xinyu Ma, Kenan Zhang

This study models a Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) system as a multi-leader-multi-follower game that captures the complex interactions among the MaaS platform, service operators, and…