3 papers
math.PR2026
Multifractality in the Tree of Life: A Branching-Process RIFS Proof
Kevin Hudnall
We study a branching-process random iterated function system (RIFS) defined by a recursive replacement of leaves by finite subtrees at strictly smaller contraction scales. This con…
q-bio.PE2025
Information and the living tree of life: A theory of measurement grounded in biology
Kevin Hudnall
We extend a formal framework that previously derived time from the multifractal structure of biological lineages (Hudnall \& D'Souza, 2025). That work showed that time itself is mu…
q-bio.PE2025
What does the tree of life look like as it grows? Evolution and the multifractality of time
Kevin Hudnall, Raissa D'Souza
By unifying three foundational principles of modern biology, we develop a mathematical framework to analyze the growing tree of life. Contrary to the static case, where the analogy…