3 papers
stat.ME2026
How should we select test-negative controls? A causal perspective in the era of multiplex respiratory testing
Christopher B. Boyer, Kendrick Qijun Li, Xu Shi +2
The test-negative design (TND) is widely used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) for respiratory pathogens by comparing vaccination odds among test-positive cases versus test-n…
stat.ME2025
Identification and estimation of vaccine effectiveness in the test-negative design under equi-confounding
Christopher B. Boyer, Kendrick Qijun Li, Xu Shi +1
The test-negative design (TND) is widely used to evaluate vaccine effectiveness in real-world settings. In a TND study, individuals with similar symptoms who seek care are tested,…
stat.ME2025
Test-negative designs with various reasons for testing: statistical bias and solution
Mengxin Yu, Tom Hongyi Liu, Kendrick Qijun Li +5
Test-negative designs are widely used for post-market evaluation of vaccine effectiveness, particularly in cases when randomized trials are not feasible. Differing from classical t…