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stat.ME2026
How should we select test-negative controls? A causal perspective in the era of multiplex respiratory testing
Christopher B. Boyer, Kendrick Qijun Li, Xu Shi +2
The test-negative design (TND) is widely used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) for respiratory pathogens by comparing vaccination odds among test-positive cases versus test-n…
stat.ME2025
Identification and estimation of vaccine effectiveness in the test-negative design under equi-confounding
Christopher B. Boyer, Kendrick Qijun Li, Xu Shi +1
The test-negative design (TND) is widely used to evaluate vaccine effectiveness in real-world settings. In a TND study, individuals with similar symptoms who seek care are tested,…