Phase transitions in a three dimensional $U(1)\times U(1)$ lattice London superconductor: Metallic superfluid and charge-4e superconducting states

Egil V. Herland, Egor Babaev, Asle Sudbo

We consider a three-dimensional lattice $U(1)\times U(1)$ and $[U(1){]}^N$ superconductors in the London limit, with individually conserved condensates. The $U(1)\times U(1)$ probl…