2 papers
cs.AI2026
Spilled Energy in Large Language Models
Adrian Robert Minut, Hazem Dewidar, Iacopo Masi
We reinterpret the final Large Language Model (LLM) softmax classifier as an Energy-Based Model (EBM), decomposing the sequence-to-sequence probability chain into multiple interact…
cs.LG2025
Fully Learnable Neural Reward Machines
Hazem Dewidar, Elena Umili
Non-Markovian Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks present significant challenges, as agents must reason over entire trajectories of state-action pairs to make optimal decisions. A co…