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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Is continuous CoT better suited for multi-lingual reasoning?

Ali Hamza Bashir, Behzad Shomali, Markus Frey +3

We investigate whether performing reasoning in a continuous latent space leads to more robust multilingual capabilities. We compare Continuous Chain-of-Thought (using the CODI fram…

cs.CL2026

Towards Reliable Machine Translation: Scaling LLMs for Critical Error Detection and Safety

Muskaan Chopra, Lorenz Sparrenberg, Rafet Sifa

Machine Translation (MT) plays a pivotal role in cross-lingual information access, public policy communication, and equitable knowledge dissemination. However, critical meaning err…

cs.CL2026

Domain-Adaptation through Synthetic Data: Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for German Law

Ali Hamza Bashir, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Kostadin Cvejoski +7

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle in specialized domains such as legal reasoning due to limited expert knowledge, resulting in factually incorrect outputs or hallucinatio…

cs.CL2025

How Small Can You Go? Compact Language Models for On-Device Critical Error Detection in Machine Translation

Muskaan Chopra, Lorenz Sparrenberg, Sarthak Khanna +1

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at evaluating machine translation (MT), but their scale and cost hinder deployment on edge devices and in privacy-sensitive workflows. We ask: ho…

cs.CL2025

SynCED-EnDe 2025: A Synthetic and Curated English - German Dataset for Critical Error Detection in Machine Translation

Muskaan Chopra, Lorenz Sparrenberg, Rafet Sifa

Critical Error Detection (CED) in machine translation aims to determine whether a translation is safe to use or contains unacceptable deviations in meaning. While the WMT21 English…

cs.CL2025

Multi-Modal Vision vs. Text-Based Parsing: Benchmarking LLM Strategies for Invoice Processing

David Berghaus, Armin Berger, Lars Hillebrand +2

This paper benchmarks eight multi-modal large language models from three families (GPT-5, Gemini 2.5, and open-source Gemma 3) on three diverse openly available invoice document da…