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Resolving the AGN Feeding and Feedback Cycle with ALMA2040
Ilaria Ruffa, Francesco Salvestrini, Almudena Alonso Herrero +13
Understanding how supermassive black holes (SMBHs) grow and regulate the growth of their host galaxies requires tracing the cold molecular interstellar medium (ISM) throughout the…
Chemical Demographics of Star-forming Regions
Maria N. Drozdovskaya, Timea Csengeri, Maria Teresa Beltrán +35
Our understanding of complex organic chemistry during the formation of stars and planets is shaped by a handful of cherry-picked sources with bright molecular emission lines. This…
ALMA2040: Mapping the Spatially Resolved Dust and Star Formation Physics Driving High-z Galaxy Assembly
Daizhong Liu, Gergö Popping, Pierre Cox +19
Interstellar dust reprocesses approximately half of the starlight emitted across cosmic history. However, dust temperature, which is essential to convert continuum flux into dust m…
ALMA2040: The High-Redshift Circumgalactic Medium. Imaging the fueling and feedback of galaxies in the early universe
Kirsty M. Butler, Justin Spilker, Seiji Fujimoto +23
Galaxies do not form in isolation, but rather as part of a wider interconnected web mediated at their interface by an extended gaseous atmosphere - the Circum-Galactic Medium (CGM)…
AGN Feeding and Feedback: Resolving the Torus
M. Pereira-Santaella, F. Combes, A. Alonso-Herrero +16
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) play a key role in galaxy evolution by regulating star formation within their host galaxies. It is therefore crucial to understand how the central supe…
Direct measures of black hole masses through cosmic time
Roberto Decarli, Sabine Thater, Ivan Delvecchio +16
Supermassive black holes (BHs) are thought to reside in all massive galaxies. They play a fundamental role in shaping galaxy evolution by suppressing star formation and halting the…
Probing cold gas and dust in quiescent galaxies across cosmic time
Anita Zanella, Sirio Belli, Belen Alcalde Pampliega +35
The discovery of massive quiescent galaxies at high redshift by JWST has revealed that star formation can cease rapidly in the early Universe, yet the physical mechanisms responsib…
Resolving the Assembly of Disk Galaxies from the Epoch of Reionisation to Cosmic Noon
Melanie Kaasinen, Mahsa Kohandel, Francesca Rizzo +45
Most of the mass and angular momentum of today's disk galaxies assembled at . Yet, it remains unclear how these galaxies acquired their gas, how their baryons and dark matter…
Unveiling the Baryon Cycle Through Cosmic Time
Manuel Aravena, Leindert A. Boogaard, Jorge González-López +28
Galaxy evolution is governed by the baryon cycle: gas accreted from the cosmic web and circumgalactic medium condenses into molecular gas, forms stars, and is redistributed by stel…
What fuels the growth of stars and black holes in galaxies through cosmic time? The physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium in distant galaxies
Leindert A. Boogaard, Manuel Aravena, Matus Rybak +25
The interplay between the baryonic matter in galaxies (gas, dust, stars) has a fundamental role in our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution through cosmic time. The (sub…
The dawn of the first galaxies
Livia Vallini, Tanio Diaz Santos, Belen Alcalde Pampliega +56
Understanding how the first galaxies assembled their stellar mass at cosmic dawn is a central frontier of modern astrophysics. JWST has now revealed an unexpected population of ult…
Has JWST Seen Everything? Hunting for "NIRCam-dark" Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at with ALMA2040
Fengwu Sun, Belén Alcalde Pampliega, Hiddo Algera +21
JWST/NIRCam has recovered the stellar counterparts of many ALMA-detected, formerly HST-dark galaxies, yet ALMA has started identifying dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at …
Tracing small-scale structure formation through cosmic time with strong gravitational lensing: A case for a next-generation sub-millimetre/millimetre interferometer
Hannah R. Stacey, John P. McKean, Mamta Pandey-Pommier +12
The nature of dark matter and the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) remain major open questions in modern astrophysics. Both leave a key signature in an overlapping, large…
Very Long Baseline Interferometry with the SKA Observatory
J. F. Radcliffe, J. Yang, Z. Paragi +129
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is a fundamental technique that combines signals from telescopes separated by thousands of kilometres to obtain some of the highest-resolut…
Source Finding and Characterisation for SKAO Science
Sabyasachi Pal, Souvik Manik, M Carmen Toribio +8
The advancements in highly sensitive and powerful radio telescopes, including the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) and its precursors, MeerKAT, ASKAP, MWA, and HERA, will…
The Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope (WST) Science White Paper
Vincenzo Mainieri, Richard I. Anderson, Jarle Brinchmann +214
The Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope (WST) is proposed as a new facility dedicated to the efficient delivery of spectroscopic surveys. This white paper summarises the initial con…
Status of Women in Astronomy: A need for advancing inclusivity and equal opportunities
Mamta Pandey-Pommier, Arianna Piccialli, Belinda J. Wilkes +12
Women in the Astronomy and STEM fields face systemic inequalities throughout their careers. Raising awareness, supported by detailed statistical data, represents the initial step t…
SKA Science Data Challenge 2: analysis and results
P. Hartley, A. Bonaldi, R. Braun +105
The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) will explore the radio sky to new depths in order to conduct transformational science. SKAO data products made available to astronomer…
Sub-arcsecond imaging with the International LOFAR Telescope I. Foundational calibration strategy and pipeline
L. K. Morabito, N. J. Jackson, S. Mooney +71
[abridged] The International LOFAR Telescope is an interferometer with stations spread across Europe. With baselines of up to ~2,000 km, LOFAR has the unique capability of achievin…
French SKA White Book - The French Community towards the Square Kilometre Array
F. Acero, J. -T. Acquaviva, R. Adam +175
The "Square Kilometre Array" (SKA) is a large international radio telescope project characterised, as suggested by its name, by a total collecting area of approximately one square…
LBCS: the LOFAR Long-Baseline Calibrator Survey
N. Jackson, A. Tagore, A. Deller +76
(abridged). We outline LBCS (the LOFAR Long-Baseline Calibrator Survey), whose aim is to identify sources suitable for calibrating the highest-resolution observations made with the…
The LOFAR Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS) I. Survey description and first results
G. H. Heald, R. F. Pizzo, E. Orrú +147
We present the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS), the first northern-sky LOFAR imaging survey. In this introductory paper, we first describe in detail the motivation and de…
Calibrating the absolute amplitude scale for air showers measured at LOFAR
A. Nelles, J. R. Hörandel, T. Karskens +74
Air showers induced by cosmic rays create nanosecond pulses detectable at radio frequencies. These pulses have been measured successfully in the past few years at the LOw Frequency…
Measuring a Cherenkov ring in the radio emission from air showers at 110-190 MHz with LOFAR
A. Nelles, P. Schellart, S. Buitink +66
Measuring radio emission from air showers offers a novel way to determine properties of the primary cosmic rays such as their mass and energy. Theory predicts that relativistic tim…