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The many faces of the Bohr atom
Helge Kragh
The atomic model that Niels Bohr suggested in 1913 celebrated its greatest victories in connection with one-electron atoms. Among them were the isotopic spectral effect and what be…
Cyclic models of the relativistic universe: the early history
Helge Kragh
Within the framework of relativistic cosmology oscillating or cyclic models of the universe were introduced by A. Friedmann in his seminal paper of 1922. With the recognition of ev…
The rise and fall of cosmical physics: notes for a history, ca. 1850-1920
Helge Kragh
In the period from about 1890 to 1915 an interdisciplinary and unifying research programme known as "cosmical physics" attracted much scientific and public attention. It typically…
What's in a Name: History and Meanings of the Term "Big Bang"
Helge Kragh
The name "big bang" introduced by Fred Hoyle in 1949 is one of the most successful scientific neologisms ever. How did the name originate and how was it received by physicists and…