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cond-mat.mtrl-sci2026
Many-electron systems with fractional electron number and spin: exact properties above and below the equilibrium total spin value
Yuli Goshen, Eli Kraisler
In this work, we analyze the fundamental question of what is the ensemble ground state of a general, finite, many-electron system at zero temperature, with a given, possibly fracti…
cond-mat.mtrl-sci2024
Energy of a many-electron system in an ensemble ground-state, versus electron number and spin: piecewise-linearity and flat plane condition generalized
Yuli Goshen, Eli Kraisler
Description of many-electron systems with a fractional electron number and fractional spin is of great importance in physical chemistry, solid sta…