Hybrid BaTiO3/TiO2 Metasurface for Efficient Gigahertz-Speed Free-Space Electro-Optic Modulation

Zhongpeng Sun, Kerolos M. A. Yousef, Michael Domm +13

Free-space electro-optic modulators are key to emerging photonic systems, yet their performance remains limited by trade-offs between modulation efficiency, bandwidth, and device a…