Wave-Growth-Limited Particle Confinement in a Near-Parallel Interplanetary Shock Observed by Parker Solar Probe

A. Kouloumvakos, I. C. Jebaraj, M. A. Malkov +11

Collisionless shocks confine the particles they accelerate with the upstream wave field they themselves drive. Streaming particles resonantly amplify Alfvén waves, and the waves th…