4 papers
Misconceptions About the Physics of the QCD Trace Anomaly from Renormalization in a Reducible Basis
Chen Yang
The QCD trace anomaly is a well-established textbook result in quantum field theory with several prominent features: (1) it arises from the quantum breaking of scale symmetry at ul…
Evidence for Quark Confinement in the Proton
Xiangdong Ji, Gerald A. Miller, Chen Yang
The strong interaction is the fundamental force that holds quarks and the gluon force carriers together to form protons and neutrons and also binds the atomic nucleus. The theory g…
A Journey of Seeking Pressure and Forces in the Nucleon
Xiangdong Ji, Chen Yang
Momentum current density (MCD) is a general physics concept describing the momentum conservation through momentum flow generated from both the kinetic motion of particles…
Momentum Flow Mechanisms and Color-Lorentz Forces on Quarks in the Nucleon
Xiangdong Ji, Chen Yang
Momentum conservation in the nucleon is examined in terms of continuous flow of the momentum current density (or in short, momentum flow), which receives contributions from both ki…