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20242026
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cs.LG2026

Understanding Contextual Recall in Transformers: How Finetuning Enables In-Context Reasoning over Pretraining Knowledge

Bhavya Vasudeva, Puneesh Deora, Alberto Bietti +2

Transformer-based language models excel at in-context learning (ICL), where they can adapt to new tasks based on contextual examples, without parameter updates. In a specific form…

cs.LG2025

How Muon's Spectral Design Benefits Generalization: A Study on Imbalanced Data

Bhavya Vasudeva, Puneesh Deora, Yize Zhao +2

The growing adoption of spectrum-aware matrix-valued optimizers such as Muon and Shampoo in deep learning motivates a systematic study of their generalization properties and, in pa…

cs.LG2025

In-Context Occam's Razor: How Transformers Prefer Simpler Hypotheses on the Fly

Puneesh Deora, Bhavya Vasudeva, Tina Behnia +1

In-context learning (ICL) enables transformers to adapt to new tasks through contextual examples without parameter updates. While existing research has typically studied ICL in fix…

cs.LG2025

Implicit Bias and Fast Convergence Rates for Self-attention

Bhavya Vasudeva, Puneesh Deora, Christos Thrampoulidis

We study the fundamental optimization principles of self-attention, the defining mechanism of transformers, by analyzing the implicit bias of gradient-based optimizers in training…

cs.LG2024

On the Optimization and Generalization of Multi-head Attention

Puneesh Deora, Rouzbeh Ghaderi, Hossein Taheri +1

The training and generalization dynamics of the Transformer's core mechanism, namely the Attention mechanism, remain under-explored. Besides, existing analyses primarily focus on s…