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physics.flu-dyn2026

Noise-separated evidence for a slow collective displacement in a rarefied hypersonic bow-shock layer

Ahmad Shoja-sani, Ehsan Roohi

Time-resolved direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) fields are used to test whether a detached rarefied hypersonic bow shock contains a slow collective displacement that can be sepa…

physics.flu-dyn2026

Cross-stream pressure support and the limits of scalar relaxation in rarefied Poiseuille flow

Omid Ejtehadi, Ehsan Roohi

The weak wall-normal pressure variation in pressure-driven rarefied Poiseuille flow is a stringent test of higher-order constitutive models: it is almost invisible in the total-pre…

physics.flu-dyn2026

Gaussian kinetic representations of rarefied nonequilibrium flows

Ehsan Roohi

Compact representations of rarefied flows must preserve kinetic observables, not only smooth macroscopic fields. We introduce Gaussian kinetic representations for discrete velocity…

physics.flu-dyn2026

Quantity-Dependent Bulk-to-Wall Observability of Surface Loading in Rarefied Hypersonic Flow over Triangular Protrusions

Elyas Lekzian, Ehsan Roohi

Localized protrusions on hypersonic vehicles generate pressure, heat-transfer, and shear loads whose rarefied response can depend on gas beyond the immediate wall neighborhood. Thi…

physics.flu-dyn2026

Machine learning for rarefied gas transport in vacuum and micro/nano systems: promise, pitfalls, and a verification agenda

Ehsan Roohi

Machine learning is beginning to influence rarefied-gas modeling at multiple levels, including equation-solving, operator learning, learned collision physics, moment closures, dire…

physics.flu-dyn2026

Anti-Fourier heat flux does not certify the fourth-order closure state of a rarefied cavity

Ehsan Roohi

Cold-to-hot heat transfer in rarefied cavities is usually treated as a signature of Fourier-law failure. Here it is used to ask whether a correct anti-Fourier heat-flux field certi…