Ferromagnetism of cobalt-doped anatase TiO${}_2$ studied by bulk- and surface-sensitive soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

V. R. Singh, K. Ishigami, V. K. Verma +11

We have studied magnetism in anatase Ti${}_{1-x}$Co${}_x$O${}_{2-\delta }$ ({\it x} = 0.05) thin films with various electron carrier densities, by soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)…