Decision-Gated Surrogate-Assisted Stochastic Optimization with Independent High-Fidelity Certification for Photovoltaic Hosting-Capacity Planning

Ali Abubakar, Samuel Essamuah Assabil, Akhtar Hussain +1

High photovoltaic (PV) penetration planning requires repeated nonlinear PV and power-flow evaluations under uncertain irradiance and demand, particularly when two competing objecti…