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From the 1 of 5 linked papers with an AI index.

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5 papers

cs.CY2026

Rethinking Generative AI Literacy: An Integrative, Developmental, and Dialectical Framework for K-12 Teacher Education

Shahin Hossain, Sima Ahmadi, Leqi Li +7

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has entered classrooms faster than teachers have been prepared to use it well, producing a GenAI literacy lag in which technological diff…

cs.AI2026

Measuring How Students Rely on Generative AI in Academic Writing: Development and Multi-Source Validation of the Generative AI Reliance Types Scale (GenAI-RTS)

Shahin Hossain, Tukhbita Afroz Nawmi

The paper introduces and validates a 20-item scale (GenAI-RTS) that measures how undergraduate students rely on generative AI tools in academic writing, distinguishing four types o…

cs.CY2026

Four Types of LLM Reliance and Their Predictors Among Undergraduate Writers: A Mixed-Methods Study at a Minority-Serving R1 University

Shahin Hossain

Although most undergraduates now use large language models (LLMs), a form of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for academic writing, no validated method distinguishes the…

cs.CY2026

The Reliance Negotiation Framework: A Dynamic Process Model of Student LLM Engagement in Academic Writing

Shahin Hossain

Student engagement with large language models (LLMs) in academic writing is not a stable trait, an adoption decision, or a competency level; it is a continuously negotiated process…

cs.CY2025

AI Literacy and LLM Engagement in Higher Education: A Cross-National Quantitative Study

Shahin Hossain, Shapla Khanam, Samaa Haniya +1

This study presents a cross-national quantitative analysis of how university students in the United States and Bangladesh interact with Large Language Models (LLMs). Based on an on…