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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Self-Improving Pretraining: using post-trained models to pretrain better models

Ellen Xiaoqing Tan, Jack Lanchantin, Shehzaad Dhuliawala +9

Large language models are classically trained in stages: pretraining on raw text followed by post-training for instruction following and reasoning. However, this separation creates…

cs.CL2025

Hybrid Reinforcement: When Reward Is Sparse, It's Better to Be Dense

Leitian Tao, Ilia Kulikov, Swarnadeep Saha +5

Post-training for reasoning of large language models (LLMs) increasingly relies on verifiable rewards: deterministic checkers that provide 0-1 correctness signals. While reliable,…

cs.CL2025

J1: Incentivizing Thinking in LLM-as-a-Judge via Reinforcement Learning

Chenxi Whitehouse, Tianlu Wang, Ping Yu +4

The progress of AI is bottlenecked by the quality of evaluation, making powerful LLM-as-a-Judge models a core solution. The efficacy of these judges depends on their chain-of-thoug…

cs.CL2025

RESTRAIN: From Spurious Votes to Signals -- Self-Driven RL with Self-Penalization

Zhaoning Yu, Will Su, Leitian Tao +9

Reinforcement learning with human-annotated data has boosted chain-of-thought reasoning in large reasoning models, but these gains come at high costs in labeled data while falterin…

cs.CL2025

Jointly Reinforcing Diversity and Quality in Language Model Generations

Tianjian Li, Yiming Zhang, Ping Yu +5

Post-training of Large Language Models (LMs) often prioritizes accuracy and helpfulness at the expense of diversity. This creates a tension: while post-training improves response q…

cs.CL2025

Bridging Offline and Online Reinforcement Learning for LLMs

Jack Lanchantin, Angelica Chen, Janice Lan +9

We investigate the effectiveness of reinforcement learning methods for finetuning large language models when transitioning from offline to semi-online to fully online regimes for b…