Smartwatch Photoplethysmography-Derived Heart Age via ECG-Guided Cross-Modal Pretraining as a Digital Biomarker of Vascular Aging

Donglin Xie, Xueying Gui, Yutian Zhu +9

Digital biomarkers of cardiovascular aging, often termed heart or vascular age, have been widely studied, but most rely on resting electrocardiography (ECG), imaging, or specialize…