DRL-Based Phase Optimization for O-RIS in Dual-Hop Hard-Switching FSO/RIS-aided RF and UWOC Systems

Aboozar Heydaribeni, Hamzeh Beyranvand, Sahar Eslami

This paper presents a dual-hop hybrid framework that integrates a free-space optical (FSO)/RIS-aided radio frequency (RF) link operating under a hard-switching protocol as the firs…