2 papers
stat.ME2026
From Ground Truth to Measurement: A Statistical Framework for Human Labeling
Robert Chew, Stephanie Eckman, Christoph Kern +1
Supervised machine learning assumes that labeled data provide accurate measurements of the concepts models are meant to learn. Yet in practice, human labeling introduces systematic…
stat.ME2025
Aligning NLP Models with Target Population Perspectives using PAIR: Population-Aligned Instance Replication
Stephanie Eckman, Bolei Ma, Christoph Kern +3
Models trained on crowdsourced annotations may not reflect population views, if those who work as annotators do not represent the broader population. In this paper, we propose PAIR…