Bio-MF: Low-Latency and High-Fidelity EEG-to-fNIRS Cross-Modal Generation for Hybrid Motor-Imagery Brain--Computer Interfaces

Boyuan Zhao, Sifan Zhang, Luping Chen

Hybrid motor-imagery brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs) combining EEG and fNIRS can outperform EEG-only systems by exploiting complementary electrophysiological and hemodynamic in…