U-PEN Mamba: Progressive Expansion with Selective State-Space Modeling for Efficient Retinal Vessel Segmentation

Abel A. Reyes-Angulo, Sidike Paheding, Vijayan K. Asari +2

Accurate retinal vessel segmentation is important for computer-aided ophthalmic analysis, yet thin vessels, low contrast, and severe foreground-background imbalance remain challeng…