4 papers
Three Pathways of Student-AI Interaction: Constraint-First Design for Higher-Order Thinking
Fatima T. Zahra
How students interact with artificial intelligence (AI) systems in educational settings may determine whether that interaction supports or displaces critical thinking. This paper i…
Critical Thinking with Generative AI: A Constraint-First Design Pilot of a Thinking-Partner Intervention
Fatima Tuz Zahra, Jiangen He, David M. Bowers +1
Generative AI (GenAI) tools entered higher education classrooms faster than the field was able to study their effects on learning. One concern is that GenAI may displace the critic…
Fluency Without Evidence: Constraint-First Design and the Limits of Self-Report in AI-Assisted Learning
Fatima T. Zahra, Wei Wang, Frances Harper +1
A generative AI teaching partner should support reasoning over supplying conclusions; however, this has not been tested against learning in an authentic course. Drawing on design-b…
Whose Facts Count? A Culturally Responsive Audit of LLM Evaluation Benchmarks
Fatima Tuz Zahra, Md. Sajeebul Islam Sk., Rachel Chung
LLM benchmarks function as evaluation instruments, informing decisions that affect education, labor, and public services worldwide. Drawing on Hood, Kirkhart, and Hopson's cultural…