Leakage-Safe Machine Learning for Hydrogen Embrittlement Detection in 316L Stainless Steel: A Region-Held-Out Evaluation of Texture and Deep Features in SEM Micrographs

Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Yaseen, Abdul Shakoor +3

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is routinely used to characterize the microstructural changes caused by hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in structural steels. Machine learning can au…