Hybrid Simulations of Positively and Negatively Charged Pickup Ions and Cyclotron Wave Generation at Europa

R. T. Desai, M. M. Cowee, H. Wei +4

In the vicinity of Europa, Galileo observed bursty Alfvén-cyclotron wave power at the gyrofrequencies of a number of species including K${}^{+}$, O${}_2^{+}$, Na${}^{+}$, and Cl${}^{+}$, indicatin…