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cs.CL2026

Do Language Models Encode Semantic Relations? Probing and Sparse Feature Analysis

Andor Diera, Ansgar Scherp

Understanding whether large language models (LLMs) capture structured meaning requires examining how they represent concept relationships. In this work, we study three models of in…

cs.CL2026

Efficient Continual Learning for Small Language Models with a Discrete Key-Value Bottleneck

Andor Diera, Lukas Galke, Fabian Karl +1

Continual learning remains a challenge across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, as models updated with new training data often risk catastrophic forgetting of previo…

cs.CL2026

Your Extreme Multi-label Classifier is Secretly a Hierarchical Text Classifier for Free

Nerijus Bertalis, Paul Granse, Ferhat Gül +6

Assigning a set of labels to a given text is a classification problem with many real-world applications, such as recommender systems. Two separate research streams address this iss…

cs.CL2025

CRAWLDoc: A Dataset for Robust Ranking of Bibliographic Documents

Fabian Karl, Ansgar Scherp

Publication databases rely on accurate metadata extraction from diverse web sources, yet variations in web layouts and data formats present challenges for metadata providers. This…

cs.CL2025

Are We Really Making Much Progress in Text Classification? A Comparative Review

Lukas Galke, Ansgar Scherp, Andor Diera +5

We analyze various methods for single-label and multi-label text classification across well-known datasets, categorizing them into bag-of-words, sequence-based, graph-based, and hi…

cs.CL2024

Memorization of Named Entities in Fine-tuned BERT Models

Andor Diera, Nicolas Lell, Aygul Garifullina +1

Privacy preserving deep learning is an emerging field in machine learning that aims to mitigate the privacy risks in the use of deep neural networks. One such risk is training data…