MoWaveQFormer: A Motion-Conditioned Quality-Gated Transformer for Smartphone-Based PPG Heart Rate Estimation

Swandip Singha, Rifat Bin Reza, Saifur Rahman Sabuj

Photoplethysmography (PPG)-based heart-rate (HR) estimation on smartphones remains unreliable in free-living conditions because motion artifacts vary in spectral structure across a…