Surface mechanisms governing long-term stability of GEM detectors in CO${}_2$-based gaseous mixtures

Tiago F. Silva, Thiago B. Saramela, Willian W. R. A. da Silva +5

Understanding the chemical stability of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) operated in CO${}_2$-based mixtures is essential for improving detector longevity and reliability. In this wor…