Accurate Nanoscale Mapping of Electric Fields across Random Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Oxides Using Precession-Assisted 4D-STEM

Sangjun Kang, Hyeyoung Cho, Maximilian Töllner +12

Space charge layers (SCLs) at grain boundaries play a crucial role in modulating local electric fields and influencing the functional properties of materials, such as oxygen vacanc…