11 papers
Dynamic Decision Learning: Test-Time Evolution for Abnormality Grounding in Rare Diseases
Jun Li, Mingxuan Liu, Jiazhen Pan +4
Clinical abnormality grounding for rare diseases is often hindered by data scarcity, making supervised fine-tuning impractical and single-pass inference highly unstable. We propose…
Measuring and Aligning Abstraction in Vision-Language Models with Medical Taxonomies
Ben Schaper, Maxime Di Folco, Bernhard Kainz +2
Vision-Language Models show strong zero-shot performance for chest X-ray classification, but standard flat metrics fail to distinguish between clinically minor and severe errors. T…
LocBAM: Advancing 3D Patch-Based Image Segmentation by Integrating Location Contex
Donnate Hooft, Stefan M. Fischer, Cosmin Bercea +2
Patch-based methods are widely used in 3D medical image segmentation to address memory constraints in processing high-resolution volumetric data. However, these approaches often ne…
Denoising Diffusion Models for Anomaly Localization in Medical Images
Cosmin I. Bercea, Philippe C. Cattin, Julia A. Schnabel +1
This review explores anomaly localization in medical images using denoising diffusion models. After providing a brief methodological background of these models, including their app…
Learning to reason about rare diseases through retrieval-augmented agents
Ha Young Kim, Jun Li, Ana Beatriz Solana +4
Rare diseases represent the long tail of medical imaging, where AI models often fail due to the scarcity of representative training data. In clinical workflows, radiologists freque…
From Mean to Extreme: Formal Differential Privacy Bounds on the Success of Real-World Data Reconstruction Attacks
Anneliese Riess, Kristian Schwethelm, Johannes Kaiser +4
The gold standard for privacy in machine learning, Differential Privacy (DP), is often interpreted through its guarantees against membership inference. However, translating DP budg…