Improving Calibration in Test-Time Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language Models via Data-Free Flatness-Aware Prompt Pretraining

Hyeonseo Jang, Jaebyeong Jeon, Joong-Won Hwang +1

Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing the adaptability of vision-language models by optimizing textual prompts using unlabeled test data.…