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A very early origin of isotopically distinct nitrogen in inner Solar System protoplanets
Damanveer S. Grewal, Rajdeep Dasgupta, Bernard Marty
Understanding the origin of life-essential volatiles like N in the Solar System and beyond is critical to evaluate the potential habitability of rocky planets. Whether the inner So…
A 4565 Myr old andesite from an extinct chondritic protoplanet
Jean-Alix Barrat, Marc Chaussidon, Akira Yamaguchi +5
The age of iron meteorites implies that accretion of protoplanets began during the first millions of years of the solar system. Due to the heat generated by 26Al decay, many early…
Loss and fractionation of noble gas isotopes and moderately volatile elements from planetary embryos and early Venus, Earth and Mars
H. Lammer, M. Scherf, H. Kurokawa +12
Here we discuss the current state of knowledge on how atmospheric escape processes can fractionate noble gas isotopes and moderately volatile rock-forming elements that populate pr…
Is the faint young Sun problem for Earth solved?
Benjamin Charnay, Eric T. Wolf, Bernard Marty +1
Stellar evolution models predict that the solar luminosity was lower in the past, typically 20-25 % lower during the Archean (3.8-2.5 Ga). Despite the fainter Sun, there is strong…
Perspectives on atmospheric evolution from noble gas and nitrogen isotopes on Earth, Mars & Venus
Guillaume Avice, Bernard Marty
The composition of an atmosphere has integrated the geological history of the entire planetary body. However, the long-term evolutions of the atmospheres of the terrestrial planets…
Krypton isotopes and noble gas abundances in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Martin Rubin, Kathrin Altwegg, Hans Balsiger +24
The ROSINA mass spectrometer DFMS on board ESA's Rosetta spacecraft detected the major isotopes of the noble gases argon, krypton, and xenon in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gera…
Scientific rationale for Uranus and Neptune in situ explorations
O. Mousis, D. H. Atkinson, T. Cavalié +53
The ice giants Uranus and Neptune are the least understood class of planets in our solar system but the most frequently observed type of exoplanets. Presumed to have a small rocky…
The iodine-plutonium-xenon age of the Moon-Earth system revisited
Guillaume Avice, Bernard Marty
From iodine-plutonium-xenon isotope systematics, we re-evaluate time constraints on the early evolution of the Earth-atmosphere system and, by inference, on the Moon-forming event.…
A comprehensive study of noble gases and nitrogen in Hypatia, a diamond-rich pebble from SW Egypt
Guillaume Avice, Matthias M. M. Meier, Bernard Marty +7
This is a follow-up study of a work by Kramers et al. (2013) on an unusual diamond-rich rock found in the SW side of the Libyan Desert Glass strewn field. This pebble, called Hypat…
Nitrogen isotopic fractionation during abiotic synthesis of organic solid particles
Maïa Kuga, Nathalie Carrasco, Bernard Marty +5
The formation of organic compounds is generally assumed to result from abiotic processes in the Solar System, with the exception of biogenic organics on Earth. Nitrogen-bearing org…
Nitrogen Isotopic Composition and Density of the Archean Atmosphere
Bernard Marty, Laurent Zimmermann, Magali Pujol +2
Understanding the atmosphere's composition during the Archean eon is a fundamental issue to unravel ancient environmental conditions. We show from the analysis of nitrogen and argo…
The origins and concentrations of water, carbon, nitrogen and noble gases on Earth
Bernard Marty
The isotopic compositions of terrestrial hydrogen and nitrogen are clearly different from those of the nebular gas from which the solar system formed, and also differ from most of…
Scientific rationale of Saturn's in situ exploration
O. Mousis, L. N. Fletcher, J. -P. Lebreton +47
Remote sensing observations meet some limitations when used to study the bulk atmospheric composition of the giant planets of our solar system. A remarkable example of the superior…
Volatiles in protoplanetary disks
Klaus M. Pontoppidan, Colette Salyk, Edwin A. Bergin +4
Volatiles are compounds with low sublimation temperatures, and they make up most of the condensible mass in typical planet-forming environments. They consist of relatively small, o…
Primordial origins of Earth's carbon
Bernard Marty, Conel M. O'D. Alexander, Sean N. Raymond
In this chapter we review the astrophysical origins of Earth's carbon, starting from the products of the Big Bang and culminating with the Earth's formation. We review the measured…