Hexadecapole deformation of ${}^{238}$U from relativistic heavy-ion collisions using a nonlinear response coefficient

Hao-jie Xu, Jie Zhao, Fuqiang Wang

The hexadecapole deformation (${\beta }_4$) of the ${}^{238}$U nucleus has not been determined because its effect is overwhelmed by those from the nucleus' large quadrupole deformation ($β_…