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Evidence of ammonium salts in comet 67P as explanation for the nitrogen depletion in cometary comae
K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, J. -J. Berthelier +14
Cometary comae are generally depleted in nitrogen. The main carriers for volatile nitrogen in comets are NH3 and HCN. It is known that ammonia readily combines with many acids like…
Cometary Chemistry and the Origin of Icy Solar System Bodies, the view after Rosetta
Kathrin Altwegg, Hans Balsiger, Stephen A. Fuselier
In situ research on cometary chemistry began when measurements from the Giotto mission at comet 1P/Halley revealed the presence of complex organics in the coma. New telescopes and…
Elemental and molecular abundances in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Martin Rubin, Kathrin Altwegg, Hans Balsiger +18
Comets are considered to be some of the most pristine and unprocessed solar system objects accessible to in-situ exploration. Investigating their molecular and elemental compositio…
Interstellar neutral helium in the heliosphere from IBEX observations. VI. The He density and the ionization state in the Very Local Interstellar Matter
M. Bzowski, A. Czechowski, P. C. Frisch +14
Interstellar neutral gas atoms penetrate the heliopause and reach 1~au, where they are detected by IBEX. The flow of neutral interstellar helium through the perturbed interstellar…
A comparison between the two lobes of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko based on D/H ratios in H2O measured with the Rosetta/ROSINA DFMS
Isaac R. H. G. Schroeder, Kathrin Altwegg, Hans Balsiger +13
The nucleus of the Jupiter-family comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was discovered to be bi-lobate in shape when the European Space Agency spacecraft Rosetta first approached it in J…
In situ spacecraft observations of a structured electron diffusion region during magnetopause reconnection
Giulia Cozzani, Alessandro Retinò, Francesco Califano +18
The Electron Diffusion Region (EDR) is the region where magnetic reconnection is initiated and electrons are energized. Because of experimental difficulties, the structure of the E…