A Review of 315 Benchmark and Test Functions for Machine Learning Optimization Algorithms and Metaheuristics with Mathematical and Visual Descriptions

M. Z. Naser, Mohammad Khaled al-Bashiti, Arash Teymori Gharah Tapeh +7

In the rapidly evolving optimization and metaheuristics domains, the efficacy of algorithms is crucially determined by the benchmark (test) functions. While several functions have…