The Unreconstructed α-Al${}_2$O${}_3$(0001) Surface is Inhomogeneous and Rough

Johanna I. Hütner-Reisch, Andrea Conti, David Kugler +4

Alumina (Al${}_2$O${}_3$) is a key material for thin-film growth and heterogeneous catalysis, where the atomic surface structure critically impacts performance. Using noncontact at…