4 citations · 4 across the 10 of their papers we have counts for
11 papers
Variations of atmospheric 12CO2 and 13CO2 from the year 1000 to 2024
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
A simple model gives good agreement between observed emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere from the combustion of fossil fuels and observed increases of the atmospheric concentratio…
Acidification of Water by CO2
W. A. van Wijngaarden, P. Ridd, M. Cornell +1
Fundamental inorganic chemistry shows that increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 will have no harmful effect on organisms that live in the natural waters of the Earths, and…
Net Zero Averted Temperature Increase
R. Lindzen, W. Happer, W. A. van Wijngaarden
Using feedback-free estimates of the warming by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and observed rates of increase, we estimate that if the United States (U.S.) eliminated n…
Effect of Greenhouse Gases on Thermal Emissivity by Clouds
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
Greenhouse gases, most importantly water vapor, increase the emissivity and decrease the albedo of clouds for thermal radiation. The modifications, which can be of order 10% for op…
Radiation Transfer in Cloud Layers
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
For 2n-stream radiation transfer theory, a stack of m clouds can be represented as an equivalent cloud. Individual clouds, indexed by c = 1, 2, 3, ..., m are characterized by 2n x…
Instantaneous Clear Sky Radiative Forcings of Halogenated Gases
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
The clear sky instantaneous radiative forcings of the 14 halogenated gases previously shown to have the largest contribution to global warming, were found. The calculation used the…
Impact of Changing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations on Ontario's Climate
W. A. van Wijngaarden
The effect of changing greenhouse gas concentrations on climate was examined. Calculations of the climate sensitivity, the warming of the Earth due to a doubling of atmospheric CO2…
Atmosphere and Greenhouse Gas Primer
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
We discuss how greenhouse gases affect radiation transfer in Earth's atmosphere. We explain how greenhouse gases like water vapor or carbon dioxide, differ from non-greenhouse gase…
2n-Stream Thermal Emissions from Clouds
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
We analyze thermal emission of radiation in homogeneous clouds. The clouds have negligible horizontal variation, but the temperature can vary vertically. The radiation at optical d…
2n-Stream Conservative Scattering
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
We show how to use matrix methods of quantum mechanics to efficiently and accurately calculate axially symmetric radiation transfer in clouds, with conservative scattering of arbit…
2n-Stream Radiative Transfer
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
We use 2n streams, where n is an integer, of axially symmetric radiation to solve the equation of transfer for a layered medium. This is a generalization of Schuster's classic 2 st…