4 papers
Acidification of Water by CO2
W. A. van Wijngaarden, P. Ridd, M. Cornell +1
Fundamental inorganic chemistry shows that increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 will have no harmful effect on organisms that live in the natural waters of the Earths, and…
Net Zero Averted Temperature Increase
R. Lindzen, W. Happer, W. A. van Wijngaarden
Using feedback-free estimates of the warming by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and observed rates of increase, we estimate that if the United States (U.S.) eliminated n…
Effect of Greenhouse Gases on Thermal Emissivity by Clouds
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
Greenhouse gases, most importantly water vapor, increase the emissivity and decrease the albedo of clouds for thermal radiation. The modifications, which can be of order 10% for op…
Radiation Transfer in Cloud Layers
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
For 2n-stream radiation transfer theory, a stack of m clouds can be represented as an equivalent cloud. Individual clouds, indexed by c = 1, 2, 3, ..., m are characterized by 2n x…