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20242026
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cs.LG2026

Learning, Fast and Slow: Towards LLMs That Adapt Continually

Rishabh Tiwari, Kusha Sareen, Lakshya A Agrawal +6

Large language models (LLMs) are trained for downstream tasks by updating their parameters (e.g., via RL). However, updating parameters forces them to absorb task-specific informat…

cs.LG2026

Putting the Value Back in RL: Better Test-Time Scaling by Unifying LLM Reasoners With Verifiers

Kusha Sareen, Morgane M Moss, Alessandro Sordoni +2

Prevalent reinforcement learning~(RL) methods for fine-tuning LLM reasoners, such as GRPO or Leave-one-out PPO, abandon the learned value function in favor of empirically estimated…

cs.LG2025

Process Reward Models That Think

Muhammad Khalifa, Rishabh Agarwal, Lajanugen Logeswaran +5

Step-by-step verifiers -- also known as process reward models (PRMs) -- are a key ingredient for test-time scaling. PRMs require step-level supervision, making them expensive to tr…

cs.LG2025

The Art of Scaling Reinforcement Learning Compute for LLMs

Devvrit Khatri, Lovish Madaan, Rishabh Tiwari +6

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become central to training large language models (LLMs), yet the field lacks predictive scaling methodologies comparable to those established for pr…

cs.LG2025

Asynchronous RLHF: Faster and More Efficient Off-Policy RL for Language Models

Michael Noukhovitch, Shengyi Huang, Sophie Xhonneux +3

The dominant paradigm for RLHF is online and on-policy RL: synchronously generating from the large language model (LLM) policy, labelling with a reward model, and learning using fe…

cs.LG2025

Generative Verifiers: Reward Modeling as Next-Token Prediction

Lunjun Zhang, Arian Hosseini, Hritik Bansal +3

Verifiers or reward models are often used to enhance the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). A common approach is the Best-of-N method, where N candidate solutio…