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Speed and Acceleration of CMEs Associated with Sustained Gamma-Ray Emission Events Observed by Fermi/LAT
P. Mäkelä, N. Gopalswamy, S. Akiyama +2
The sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) from the Sun is a prolonged enhancement of >100 MeV gamma-ray emission that extends beyond the flare impulsive phase.The origin of the >300…
What do halo CMEs tell us about solar cycle 25?
Nat Gopalswamy, Grzegorz Michalek, Seiji Yashiro +3
It is known that the weak state of the heliosphere due to diminished solar activity in cycle 24 back-reacted on coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to make them appear wider for a given…
The Solar Cause of the 2022 February 3 Geomagnetic Storm that Led to the Demise of the Starlink Satellites
Nat Gopalswamy, Hong Xie, Seiji Yashiro +1
We report on the solar source of the 2022 February 3 geomagnetic storm of moderate strength that contributed to the loss of 39 Starlink satellites. The geomagnetic storm was caused…