Four-dimensional CP${}^1+$ U(1) lattice gauge theory for 3D antiferromagnets: Phase structure, gauge bosons and spin liquid

Kenji Sawamura, Takashi Hiramatsu, Katsuhiro Ozaki +2

In this paper we study the lattice CP${}^1$ model in (3+1) dimensions coupled with a dynamical compact U(1) gauge field. This model is an effective field theory of the $s={1 \over 2}…