Who Moved? Ecological Estimates of Turnout & Coalition Support by Ethnicity and Age in Johor, Malaysia, 2022-2026

Thevesh Thevananthan, Ong Kian Ming

At the July 2026 Johor state election, Barisan Nasional (BN) swept the state and nearly doubled its vote relative to 2022. We exploit geographic variation in the ethnic composition…