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cs.AI2026

Beyond Mode Collapse: Distribution Matching for Diverse Reasoning

Xiaozhe Li, Yang Li, Xinyu Fang +10

On-policy reinforcement learning methods like GRPO suffer from mode collapse: they exhibit reduced solution diversity, concentrating probability mass on a single solution once disc…

cs.AI2026

What and When to Distill: Selective Hindsight Distillation for Multi-Turn Agents

Xiaozhe Li, Tianyi Lyu, Yang Li +6

Reinforcement learning can train LLM agents from sparse task rewards, but long-horizon credit assignment remains challenging: a single success-or-failure signal must be distributed…

cs.AI2026

Forge: Quality-Aware Reinforcement Learning for NP-Hard Optimization in LLMs

Xiaozhe Li, Xinyu Fang, Shengyuan Ding +5

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success on reasoning benchmarks through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), excelling at tasks such as math…

cs.AI2026

OPT-BENCH: Evaluating the Iterative Self-Optimization of LLM Agents in Large-Scale Search Spaces

Xiaozhe Li, Jixuan Chen, Xinyu Fang +4

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use. However, the fundamental cognitive faculties essential for problem solving, includ…

cs.AI2025

NP-Engine: Empowering Optimization Reasoning in Large Language Models with Verifiable Synthetic NP Problems

Xiaozhe Li, Xinyu Fang, Shengyuan Ding +4

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong reasoning capabilities, with models like OpenAI's O-series and DeepSeek R1 excelling at tasks such as mathematics, coding, logic, and…

cs.AI2025

OPT-BENCH: Evaluating LLM Agent on Large-Scale Search Spaces Optimization Problems

Xiaozhe Li, Jixuan Chen, Xinyu Fang +4

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in solving diverse tasks. However, their proficiency in iteratively optimizing complex solutions through learning fr…