2 papers
cs.CL2026
Everyone Was Right: Lexical Representations in Language Models Are Both Abstract and Holistic
Zachary Nicholas Houghton, Yu Zhou, Dan Pluth +2
Lexical representations can encode both abstract information and information specific to particular contexts. We investigate how these forms of information are organized in languag…
cs.CL2026
Exemplars in Disguise: Pure Exemplar Models Mimic Abstraction-First Learning
Zachary Nicholas Houghton, Vsevolod Kapatsinski
Whether idiosyncratic, item-specific knowledge is learned before abstract class-level generalizations, or vice versa, is a central question in language learning, with exemplar and…