3 papers
cs.AI2026
Breaking the Chains of Probability: Neutrosophic Logic as a New Framework for Epistemic Uncertainty in Large Language Models
Maikel Yelandi Leyva-Vázquez, Florentin Smarandache
Large Language Models (LLMs) are predominantly governed by probabilistic frameworks in which the sum of outcome probabilities is constrained to unity. This architectural limitation…
math.GM2026
Introduction of Over/Under/Off Masses
Florentin Smarandache
In this paper, for the first time, we extend the Over/Under/Off Set/Logic/Probability used in uncertain theories (such as: fuzzy, neutrosophic and extensions) to the Over/Under/Off…
cs.AI2026
Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, and Uncertain Graph Theory: Properties and Applications
Takaaki Fujita, Florentin Smarandache
This book presents a comprehensive and systematic survey of graph theory under uncertainty, with particular emphasis on the unifying role of the uncertain graph framework. It revie…