One-dimensional Excitations in Superfluid ${}^4$He and ${}^3$He-${}^4$He Mixture Films Adsorbed in Porous Materials

Hyung Cho, Gary A. Williams

A normal-fluid component varying as T${}^2$ is observed at very low temperatures in superfluid ${}^4$He and ${}^3$He-${}^4$He mixture films adsorbed in alumina powder. The normal fluid a…